Solar Cells

What Are Solar Cells?

A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Solar cells and PV cells are basically synonymous. One difference between them is that solar cells refer specifically to energy captured from the sun, while the energy or light source used by PV cells is sometimes undetermined.

How do solar cells work?

Grouped together and electrically connected into single frames, solar cells form modules. Imagine a satellite dish or solar calculator up close. The solar panel, or module, is divided into individual cell blocks. Connecting cells in modules makes for higher voltage. The modules can then be interconnected for peak voltage and current.

Each solar cell is made of a semiconductor material, such as silicon. When a photon from sunlight hits a solar panel, it can do one of three things: pass through the silicon, reflect off the surface, or become absorbed. Photon absorption is the basis for generating solar heat and creating electricity. The energy brought in from the photons in light cause electrons in the semiconductor to flow freely. This, in turn, creates an electric current, which can be captured by metal contacts placed on the borders of the solar cell. Once captured, the electric energy can be converted, or used externally.

Solar cells are predominantly made from silicon configured into N- and P-junctions using a “doping” process. However, other types of solar cells exist, such as plastic, round, foil, carbon-based, and kendka solar cells.

Solar cell modules are often made with a protective glass covering on one side, giving access to light while shielding the semiconductor material from the elements. The power output of a solar module is measured in watts or kilowatts. A unit’s typical energy needs is determined by calculating the kilowatt-hours used per day.

If you are interested in using solar cells on your home, get a free estimate from our solar contractors, or learn how to plan the best solar system for your home, from our solar energy blog.

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