Integral Collector systems (ICS) are one of three types of solar hot water collectors. What differentiates ICS from evacuated tube and flat plate collectors is that the water itself is the collector. While others use metal to transfer heat, integral collectors store water in black tanks that absorb heat from the sun and, subsequently, heat the water for household use.
Basically, the tank is placed in a box with glazing on at least one side which transfers solar radiation. Some forms of ICS units use black metal tubes instead of the tank, but are essentially the same. Water is typically drawn from the top of the tank where it is warmest.
For smaller hot water needs, homeowners may choose to build their own ICS units, but more sophisticated versions are necessary to support the entire needs of an average family. In DIY models, the water will cool overnight and then heat back up for use during the day. More complicated systems draw cool water from the house, heat it up, and then send it back for immediate use.
Integral collector tanks usually hold at least 30 to 50 gallons of water and will require a strong support system. Also, in colder climates, passive ICS units may only be of seasonal usefulness because pipes and water in the tank will be apt to freeze. Here's more on Integral Collector storage.
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